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當(dāng)前位置:首頁技術(shù)文章油膜厚度測定儀的工作原理及光學(xué)/電學(xué)測量方法對比

油膜厚度測定儀的工作原理及光學(xué)/電學(xué)測量方法對比

更新時(shí)間:2025-08-19點(diǎn)擊次數(shù):114
    油膜厚度測定儀通過光學(xué)或電學(xué)原理實(shí)現(xiàn)非接觸式測量,其核心原理及方法對比如下:
  光學(xué)測量方法
  光干涉法
  利用光在油膜上下表面反射產(chǎn)生的干涉條紋變化計(jì)算厚度。當(dāng)入射光穿透透明基底(如玻璃盤)后,在油膜與金屬表面反射的兩束光發(fā)生干涉,條紋間距或移動量與油膜厚度成反比。例如,英國PCS公司的EHD2測定儀基于超薄膜光干涉原理,可實(shí)現(xiàn)1-1000nm級精度測量,并同步獲取牽引力系數(shù)。該方法分辨率高、可視化強(qiáng),但需透光基底,對環(huán)境振動敏感,多用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究。
  紅外吸收法
  基于油類物質(zhì)對特定波長紅外線的吸收特性。紅外光源穿透油膜后,檢測剩余光強(qiáng)變化,通過比爾-朗伯定律計(jì)算厚度。例如,紅外油膜測厚儀可快速測量金屬表面油膜,精度達(dá)微米級,且受環(huán)境光干擾小,適用于工業(yè)現(xiàn)場。
  電學(xué)測量方法
  電容法
  通過測量油膜上下電極間的電容值推算厚度。電容與膜厚呈反比關(guān)系,適用于全膜彈流潤滑場景。但當(dāng)膜厚小于0.5μm時(shí)易發(fā)生電擊穿,且潤滑劑介電常數(shù)不穩(wěn)定會導(dǎo)致誤差,多用于接觸式測量。
  放電電壓法
  在金屬摩擦副間施加電壓,放電電壓與膜厚呈線性關(guān)系(膜厚每增加1μm,電壓約升0.18V)。該方法曾用于齒輪油膜測量,但受潤滑劑潔凈度影響大,精度較低。
  方法對比與推薦
  精度與范圍:光學(xué)法(如光干涉)分辨率可達(dá)納米級,適合薄油膜;電學(xué)法(如電容)量程較大,但精度受介質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性限制。
  應(yīng)用場景:光干涉法多用于實(shí)驗(yàn)室摩擦學(xué)研究;紅外吸收法和電容法更適用于工業(yè)現(xiàn)場;放電電壓法因誤差較大已逐漸被淘汰。
  發(fā)展趨勢:光學(xué)法因非接觸、可視化優(yōu)勢成為主流,結(jié)合光纖傳感或機(jī)器視覺技術(shù)可進(jìn)一步提升動態(tài)測量能力。

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